A variety of international financial services, The existence of financial headquarters, a, Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area, Major manufacturing centres with port and container facilities, Centres of new ideas and innovation in business, economics, culture, and politics, Dominance of the national region with great international significance, High percentage of residents employed in the. Gamma level cities are cities that link smaller economic regions into the world economy and are classified into three sections, Gamma +, Gamma, and Gamma − cities. Together with Jon Beaverstock and Richard G. Smith, they create the GaWC's bi-annual categorization of world cities into "Alpha", "Beta" and "Gamma" tiers, based upon their international conn… Amsterdam, Barcelona, Bogota, Budapest, Dublin, Houston, Johannesburg, Lisbon, Luxembourg City, Manila, Montreal, Munich, New Delhi, Prague, Riyadh, Rome, San Francisco, Santiago, Shenzhen, Stockholm, Vienna, Washington D.C. Athens, Atlanta, Auckland, Bangalore, Boston, Bucharest, Cairo, Chengdu, Copenhagen, Dallas, Doha, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Hangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Lima, Perth, Tel Aviv, Vancouver, Abu Dhabi, Beirut, Berlin, Brisbane, Calgary, Cape Town, Caracas, Casablanca, Chennai, Denver, Karachi, Kiev, Kuwait City, Lagos, Manama, Minneapolis, Montevideo, Nairobi, Nanjing, Oslo, Philadelphia, Rio de Janeiro, Sofia, Tianjin, Wuhan, Zagreb, Almaty, Antwerp, Belgrade, Birmingham, Bratislava, Changsha, Chongqing, Dalian, Dhaka, Edinburgh, Geneva, George Town, Helsinki, Jeddah, Jinan, Kampala, Lyon, Manchester, Monterrey, Nicosia, Panama City, Port Louis, Qingdao, Quito, San José, San Juan, San Salvador, Seattle, Shenyang, Stuttgart, Suzhou, Tunis, Valencia, Xiamen, Accra, Adelaide, Cleveland, Colombo, Dar es Salaam, Detroit, Glasgow, Guatemala City, Guayaquil, Harare, Hyderabad, Lahore, Muscat, Osaka, Pune, Riga, Rotterdam, Xi’an, Zhengzhou, Ahmedabad, Algiers, Amman, Ankara, Asunción, Austin, Baku, Baltimore, Belfast, Bilbao, Bristol, Charlotte, Guadalajara, Hefei, Islamabad, Kolkata, Kunming, La Paz, Ljubljana, Luanda, Lusaka, Phoenix, Porto, Saint Petersburg, San Diego, San Jose, Santo Domingo, St. Louis, Taiyuan, Tallinn, Tampa, Tbilisi, Tegucigalpa, Turin, Vilnius, Wellington, Belo Horizonte, Cologne, Curitiba, Durban, Fuzhou, Johor Bahru, Maputo, Medellín, Milwaukee, Minsk, Nantes, Nashville, Orlando, Ottawa, Penang, Phnom Penh, Poznan, Sacramento, San Antonio, Tirana, Wroclaw, Yangon. The State of the World’s Cities, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_city&oldid=982593655, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. "Asian Cities Pay Hidden Price for Global Status", "Measuring the World City Network: New Results and Developments", "Benchmarking global city competitiveness", "2012 Global Cities Index and Emerging Cities Outlook", "Read @ATKearney: Una Cuestión de Talento: Cómo el Capital Humano Determinará los Próximos Líderes Mundiales", "Sorry, London: New York Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City", "The Top 10 most powerful cities in the world", "The World's Most Talked About City Is Tokyo.

The GaWC examines cities worldwide to narrow them down to a roster of world cities, then ranks these based on their connectivity through four "advanced producer services": accountancy, advertising, banking/finance, and law. Anyway, back to the point of this article: here’s a list with the latest data from 2018 (GAWC hasn’t done a study in 2020 yet). London, New York.

The concept comes from geography and urban studies, and the idea that globalization is created and furthered in strategic geographic locales according to a hierarchy of importance to the operation of the global system of finance and trade.

[1] Together with Jon Beaverstock and Richard G. Smith, they create the GaWC's bi-annual categorization of world cities into "Alpha", "Beta" and "Gamma" tiers, based upon their international connectedness.[2].

Alpha.

Alpha +.

[1] The term "megacity" entered common use in the late 19th or early 20th centuries; one of the earliest documented uses of the term was by the University of Texas in 1904. Paris, France. A team of dedicated locals in each city keeps an eye out for the best spots in their cities so that visitors, as well as fellow locals, can experience the best of that city.

Alpha level cities are linked to major economic states and regions and into the world economy and are classified into four sections, Alpha ++, Alpha +, Alpha, and Alpha − cities. An alpha city is a city which plays a major role in the international community. Competing groups have developed multiple alternative methods to classify and rank world cities and to distinguish them from non-world cities. Pascal Press, 2000, p.164. The report includes a "Global Cities Survey", evaluating which cities are considered the most important to the world's HNWIs (high-net-worth individuals, having over $25 million of investable assets each). [5] Although there is a consensus upon leading world cities,[8] the chosen criteria affect which other cities are included. Beta +. Alpha cities are the primary nodes in the global economic network.

Alpha ++ cities are cities most integrated with the global economy: Alpha + cities are highly integrated cities, filling advanced service needs: Beta level cities are cities that link moderate economic regions to the world economy and are classified into three sections, Beta +, Beta, and Beta − cities.

The Global Giants classification includes wealthy, extremely large metropolitan areas that are the largest cities in developed nations. In case this is your first time visiting our blogs: Spotted by Locals is a travel company that creates blogs and apps, written by locals, for 80+ cities across Europe, North America and the Middle East. This page provides links to the official web sites of those cities initially identified as world cities by GaWC (based on 1998 data). It found that a fifth of digital mentions were for Tokyo, New York City, London, and Paris, identifying these as the world's super brands. The Globalization and World Cities Research Network, commonly abbreviated to GaWC, is a think tank that studies the relationships between world cities in the context of globalization. It is considered the leading institute ranking the world’s cities. An analysis report compiled by the Global City Lab of the Global Top 500 Cities was released in New York 27 December 2019. Cities can fall from ranking, as in the case of cities that have become less cosmopolitan and less internationally renowned in the current era. Atlantic City.

[16], In 2008, the American journal Foreign Policy, working with the consulting firm A.T. Kearney and the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, published a ranking of global cities, based on consultation with Saskia Sassen, Witold Rybczynski, and others. The 2008 roster, similar to the 1998 version, is sorted into categories of Alpha world cities (with four sub-categories), Beta world cities (three sub-categories), Gamma world cities (three sub-categories), and additional cities with High sufficiency or Sufficiency presence. [25], The British asset management company Schroders ranked the competitiveness of global cities. We believe that many popular cities are suffering from overtourism, so we encourage people to get off the beaten path and discover some less-known hidden gems.

[5] Selection criteria may be based on a yardstick value (e.g., if the producer-service sector is the largest sector then city X is a world city)[5] or on an imminent determination (if the producer-service sector of city X is greater than the combined producer-service sectors of N other cities then city X is a world city.)[5].

The cities in the top two classifications in the 2018 edition are as follows:[15], In 2012, the Economist Intelligence Unit (The Economist Group) ranked the competitiveness of global cities according to their demonstrated ability to attract capital, businesses, talent, and visitors. ), We’re Looking for a Social Media & Content Creation Intern, Spotters Trip: In Search of the Bamberg Zen, 81 local tips – 1 in each of our cities – for locals….

While we do have guides dedicated to larger cities like London and New York, we take pride in the fact that we write about lots of less-visited cities as well, like those you’ll see lower down this list. [8] The GaWC inventory identifies three levels of global cities and several sub-ranks,[13] although the authors caution that "concern for city rankings operates against the spirit of the GaWC project"[14] (emphasis in original).

[22] The top 10 cities by brand value were as follows: In 2015, the second Global Economic Power Index, a meta list compiled by Richard Florida, was published by The Atlantic (distinct from a namesake list[23] published by the Martin Prosperity Institute), with city composite rank based on five other lists.



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